Nightmare before Christmas- Pumpkin King-Tim Burton's World
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History of Nightmare before Christmas credit goes to Wikipedia.
The Nightmare Before Christmas (also known as Tim
Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American stop-motion
animated musical dark fantasy film directed by Henry Selick (in his feature
directorial debut) and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story
of Jack Skellington, the King of "Halloween Town", who stumbles upon
"Christmas Town" and schemes to take over the holiday. Danny Elfman
wrote the songs and score and provided the singing voice of Jack. The
principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William
Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens, Glenn Shadix, and Ed Ivory.
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The Nightmare Before Christmas originated in a poem
written by Burton in 1982 while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney
Productions. With the success of Vincent in the same year, Burton began to
consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or a
half-hour television special, to no avail. Over the years, Burton's thoughts
regularly returned to the project, and, in 1990, he made a development deal
with Walt Disney Studios. Production started in July 1991 in San Francisco;
Disney initially released the film through Touchstone Pictures because the
studio believed the film would be "too dark and scary for kids".
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The film met with critical success upon release,
earning praise for its animation (particularly the innovation of the
stop-motion art form), characters, songs and score. While only a modest box
office hit at first, it has since garnered a large cult following. It was nominated
for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, a first for an animated film,
but lost to Jurassic Park.[7] The film has been reissued by Walt Disney
Pictures and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3-D from 2006 until
2010. It's the first stop motion Walt Disney Pictures animated film.
Plot
Halloween Town is a fantasy world populated by various
monsters and beings associated with the holiday ("This is
Halloween"). Jack Skellington, respected by the citizens as the
"Pumpkin King", leads them in organizing the annual Halloween
celebrations.
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One night however, this year, Jack has grown tired of
the same annual routine and wants something new ("Jack's Lament").
Wandering in the woods the next morning, he encounters seven trees containing
doors leading to other holiday-themed worlds (Halloween, Christmas, Easter,
Thanksgiving, Independence Day, Valentine's Day, and St. Patrick's Day) and
stumbles into the one leading to Christmas Town ("What's This?").
Awed by the unfamiliar holiday, Jack returns home to show his friends and
neighbors his findings, but unaware of the idea of Christmas, they compare
everything to their ideas of Halloween ("Town Meeting Song").
However, they do relate to one Christmas Town character: its ruler, Santa Claus,
or "Sandy Claws" as Jack mistakenly calls him. Jack sequesters
himself in his house to study Christmas further and find a way to rationally
explain it ("Jack's Obsession"). After studying and experimentation
accomplish nothing, Jack ultimately decides that Christmas should be improved
rather than understood and announces that Halloween Town will take over
Christmas this year.
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Jack assigns the residents many Christmas-themed jobs,
including singing carols, making presents ("Making Christmas"), and
building a sleigh pulled by skeletal reindeer. Sally, a feminine creation of
local mad scientist Doctor Finkelstein, experiences a vision of a burning
Christmas tree detailing that their efforts will end disastrously. Jack, whom
she secretly loves, dismisses her forewarnings and assigns her the task of
making him a Santa Claus suit. He also tasks mischievous trick-or-treating trio
Lock, Shock and Barrel to abduct Santa and bring him to Halloween Town
("Kidnap the Sandy Claws"). Jack tells Santa he will be handling
Christmas in his place this year and orders the trio to keep Santa safe, but
against his wishes, they deliver Santa to Jack's long-time rival, Oogie Boogie,
a bogeyman with a passion for gambling, who plots to play a game with Santa's
life at stake ("Oogie Boogie's Song"). After failing to stop Jack
from carrying out his plan ("Sally's Song"), Sally attempts to rescue
Santa to save both him and Jack from their potential fates, but she is captured
as well.
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Jack departs to deliver his presents in the real
world, but they instead frighten the populace, who contact the authorities and
are instructed by them to lock down their homes and residences for protection.
When word spreads about Jack's presumed wrongdoings, he is ultimately shot down
by military forces, causing him to crash in a cemetery. While all of Halloween
Town sadly believe him to be dead, Jack actually survived. As he bemoans the
disaster he has caused ("Poor Jack"), he finds that he enjoyed the
experience, nonetheless, reigniting his love of Halloween, but soon realizes he
must act fast to fix his mess. Jack returns home and infiltrates Oogie's lair,
rescuing Santa and Sally before confronting Oogie and defeating him by
unraveling a thread holding his cloth form together, causing all the bugs
inside him to spill out and reduce him to nothing. Jack apologizes for his
actions to Santa, to which he, despite being furious with Jack for the chaos he
caused and not listening to Sally, assures him that he can still save
Christmas. As Santa replaces Jack's presents with genuine ones, all of
Halloween Town celebrates Jack's survival and return ("Finale /
Reprise"). Santa then shows Jack that there are no hard feelings between
them by bringing a snowfall to the town, which fulfills Jack's original dream
in a way and causes the residents to finally realize the true meaning of
Christmas. Afterwards, Jack and Sally declare their love for each other.
Voice cast
Main article: List of The Nightmare Before Christmas
characters
Chris Sarandon (2017)
Catherine O'Hara (2005)
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The voices for Jack Skellington's spoken lines and
Sally were respectively provided by Sarandon and O'Hara.
Chris Sarandon (speaking voice) and Danny Elfman
(singing voice) as Jack Skellington, a skeleton known as the "Pumpkin
King" of Halloween Town. Elfman was initially cast as Jack's singing voice
and, after the songs were recorded, Sarandon was cast to match Elfman's voice
style.
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Elfman also voices:
Barrel, one of the trick-or-treaters working for Oogie
Boogie.
The Clown with the Tear-Away Face, a self-described
clown who rides a unicycle.
Catherine O'Hara as Sally, a rag doll/Frankenstein's
monster-like creation of Finkelstein and Jack's love interest. She is a
toxicologist who uses various types of poison to liberate herself from the
captivity of her "father". She is also psychic and has premonitions
when anything bad is about to happen. O'Hara had previously co-starred in
Burton's Beetlejuice.
O'Hara also voices Shock, one of the trick-or-treaters
working for Oogie Boogie.
William Hickey as Doctor Finkelstein, a mad scientist
and the loving but overbearing "father" of Sally. He is listed in the
credits only as "Evil Scientist" and is only mentioned by name twice
in the film.
Glenn Shadix as the Mayor of Halloween Town, an
enthusiastic leader who conducts town meetings. His wild mood swings from happy
to distraught because his head spins between a "happy" and
"sad" face; where some career politicians are described as
figuratively two-faced, the mayor is literally so. Shadix and Burton had
previously worked on Beetlejuice.
Ken Page as Oogie Boogie, a villainous bogeyman in
Halloween Town, who has a passion for gambling and rivalry with Jack.
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Ed Ivory as Santa Claus, the ruler of Christmas Town.
Santa is responsible for the annual celebration of Christmas, in which he
delivers presents to children in the real world. He is also referred to by Jack
and Halloween Town's residents as "Sandy Claws". Ivory also provides
the brief narration at the start of the film.
Paul Reubens as Lock, one of the trick-or-treaters
working for Oogie Boogie. Reubens and Burton had previously worked on Pee-wee's
Big Adventure and Batman Returns.
Frank Welker as Zero, Jack's pet ghost dog who has a
tiny Jack-o'-lantern on top of his nose.
The cast also features Kerry Katz, Carmen Twillie,
Randy Crenshaw, Lisa Donovan Lukas, Debi Durst, Glenn Walters, Sherwood Ball,
John Morris and Greg Proops voicing various characters. Patrick Stewart
recorded narration for a prologue and epilogue. While not used in the final
film, the narration is included on the soundtrack album.
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Production
Development
As writer Burton's upbringing in Burbank, California,
was associated with the feeling of solitude, the filmmaker was largely
fascinated by holidays during his childhood. "Anytime there was Christmas
or Halloween, it was great. It gave you some sort of texture all of a
sudden that wasn't there before," Burton would later recall. After
completing his short film Vincent in 1982, Burton, who was then employed at
Walt Disney Feature Animation, wrote a three-page poem titled The Nightmare
Before Christmas, drawing inspiration from television specials of Rudolph the
Red-Nosed Reindeer, How the Grinch Stole Christmas! and the poem A Visit from
St. Nicholas. Burton intended to adapt the poem into a television special
with the narration spoken by his favorite actor, Vincent Price, but also considered
other options such as a children's book. He created concept art and
storyboards for the project in collaboration with Rick Heinrichs, who also
sculpted character models; Burton later showed his and Heinrichs'
works-in-progress to Henry Selick, also a Disney animator at the time. After the success of Vincent in 1982, Disney started to consider developing The
Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30-minute holiday
television special. However, the project's development eventually stalled,
as its tone seemed "too weird" to the company. As Disney was
unable to "offer his nocturnal loners enough scope", Burton was fired
from the studio in 1984 and went on to direct the commercially successful
films Beetlejuice (1988) and Batman (1989) for Warner Bros. Pictures.
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Director Henry Selick (left) and producer Tim Burton
(right) on the Nightmare Before Christmas set.
Over the years, Burton regularly thought about the
project. In 1990, Burton found out that Disney still owned the film rights. He and Selick committed to produce a full-length film with the latter as
director. Burton's own success with live-action films piqued the interest
of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, who saw the film as an
opportunity to continue the studio's streak of recent successes in feature
animation. Disney was looking forward to Nightmare "to show
capabilities of technical and storytelling achievements that were present in
Who Framed Roger Rabbit." Walt Disney Pictures president David
Hoberman believed the film would prove to be a creative achievement for
Disney's image, elaborating "we can think outside the envelope. We can do
different and unusual things."
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Nightmare marked Burton's third consecutive film with
a Christmas setting. Burton could not direct because of his commitment to
Batman Returns, and he did not want to be involved with "the painstakingly
slow process of stop motion". To adapt his poem into a screenplay,
Burton approached Michael McDowell, his collaborator on Beetlejuice. McDowell
and Burton experienced creative differences, which convinced Burton to make the
film as a musical with lyrics and compositions by frequent collaborator Danny
Elfman. Elfman and Burton created a rough storyline and two-thirds of the
film's songs. Elfman found writing Nightmare's eleven songs to be "one
of the easiest jobs I've ever had. I had a lot in common with Jack
Skellington." Caroline Thompson had yet to be hired to write the
screenplay. With Thompson's screenplay, Selick stated, "there are very
few lines of dialogue that are Caroline's. She became busy on other films and
we were constantly rewriting, re-configuring and developing the film
visually."
Filming
Selick and his team of animators began production in
July 1991 in San Francisco, California, with a crew of over 120 workers,
utilizing 20 sound stages for filming. Joe Ranft was hired from Disney
as a storyboard supervisor, while Eric Leighton was hired to supervise animation. At the peak of production, 20 individual stages were simultaneously being used
for filming. In total, there were 109,440 frames taken for the film. The
work of Ray Harryhausen, Ladislas Starevich, Edward Gorey, Étienne Delessert,
Gahan Wilson, Charles Addams, Jan Lenica, Francis Bacon, and Wassily Kandinsky
influenced the filmmakers. Selick described the production design as akin to a
pop-up book. In addition, Selick stated, "When we reach Halloween
Town, it's entirely German Expressionism. When Jack enters Christmas Town, it's
an outrageous Dr. Seuss-esque setpiece. Finally, when Jack is delivering
presents in the 'Real World', everything is plain, simple and perfectly
aligned." Vincent Price, Don Ameche, and James Earl Jones were considered
to provide the narration for the film's prologue; however, all proved difficult
to cast, and the producers instead hired local voice artist Ed Ivory. Patrick Stewart provided the prologue narration for the film's soundtrack.
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On the direction of the film, Selick reflected,
"It's as though he, Burton, laid the egg, and I sat on it and hatched it.
He wasn't involved in a hands-on way, but his hand is in it. It was my job to
make it look like 'a Tim Burton film', which is not so different from my own films." When asked about Burton's involvement, Selick claimed, "I don't want to
take away from Tim, but he was not in San Francisco when we made it. He came up
five times over two years, and spent no more than eight or ten days in total." Walt Disney Feature Animation contributed with some second-layering traditional
animation. Burton found production somewhat difficult, because he was
simultaneously filming Batman Returns and pre-production of Ed Wood.
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The filmmakers constructed 227 puppets to represent
the characters in the movie, with Jack Skellington having "around four
hundred heads", allowing the expression of every possible emotion. Sally's mouth movements "were animated through the replacement method.
During the animation process, only Sally's face 'mask' was removed in order
to preserve the order of her long, red hair. Sally had ten types of faces, each
made with a series of eleven expressions (e.g. eyes open and closed, and
various facial poses) and synchronized mouth movements." The
stop-motion figurine of Jack was reused in James and the Giant Peach (also
directed by Selick) as Captain Jack.
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Soundtracks
Main articles: The Nightmare Before Christmas
(soundtrack) and Nightmare Revisited
The film's soundtrack album was released in 1993 on
Walt Disney Records. The film's soundtrack contains bonus tracks, including a
longer prologue and an extra epilogue, both narrated by Sir Patrick Stewart.
For the film's 2006 re-release in Disney Digital 3-D, a special edition of the
soundtrack was released, featuring a bonus disc that contained covers of five
of the film's songs by Fall Out Boy, Panic! at the Disco, Marilyn Manson, Fiona
Apple, and She Wants Revenge. Four original demo tracks by Elfman were also
included. On September 30, 2008, Disney released the cover album Nightmare
Revisited, featuring artists such as Amy Lee, Flyleaf, Korn, Rise Against,
Plain White T's, The All-American Rejects, and many more.
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American gothic rock band London After Midnight
featured a cover of "Sally's Song" on their 1998 album Oddities.
LiLi Roquelin performed a French cover of
"Sally's Song" on her album Will you hate the rest of the world or
will you renew your life? in 2010.
Pentatonix released a cover of "Making
Christmas" for their 2018 Christmas album Christmas Is Here!
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In 2003, the Disneyland Haunted Mansion Holiday
soundtrack CD was released. Although most of the album's songs are not original
ones from the film, one song is a medley of "Making Christmas",
"What's This?", and "Kidnap the Sandy Claws". Other songs
included are original holiday songs changed to incorporate the theme of the
film. However, the last song is the soundtrack for the Disneyland Haunted
Mansion Holiday ride.
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Release
The Nightmare Before Christmas was originally going to
be released under Walt Disney Pictures as part of the Walt Disney Feature
Animation lineup, but Disney decided to release the film under the studio's
adult-orientated Touchstone Pictures banner, because the studio thought the
film would be "too dark and scary for kids," Selick remembered.
"Their biggest fear, and why it was kind of a stepchild project, they were afraid of their core audience hating the film and not coming." To convey Burton's involvement and attract a wider audience, Disney marketed
the film as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas. Burton explained
that, "…it turned more into more of a brand-name thing, it turned into
something else, which I'm not quite sure about." The film premiered at
the New York Film Festival on October 9, 1993, and was given a limited
release on October 13, 1993, before its wide theatrical release on October 29,
1993.
The Nightmare Before Christmas was reissued under the
Walt Disney Pictures label and re-released on October 20, 2006, with conversion
to Disney Digital 3-D, and was accompanied by Pixar's short film Knick
Knack. Industrial Light & Magic assisted in the process. The film
subsequently received three re-releases on October 19, 2007, October 24, 2008,
and October 23, 2009. The El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, has
been showing the film in 4-D screenings annually in October, ending on
Halloween, since 2010. The reissues have led to a reemergence of 3-D films
and advances in RealD Cinema.
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In October 2020, The Nightmare Before Christmas was
re-released in 2,194 theaters. It made $1.323 million over the weekend,
finishing fourth behind Tenet.
Home media
With years of successful home video sales, The
Nightmare Before Christmas later achieved the ranks of a cult film. Touchstone Home Video first released the film on VHS on September 30, 1994, and
on DVD on December 2, 1997. The Nightmare Before Christmas was released on
DVD a second time on October 3, 2000, as a special edition. The release
included an audio commentary by Selick and cinematographer Pete Kozachik, a
28-minute making-of documentary, a gallery of concept art, storyboards, test
footage and deleted scenes. Burton's Vincent and Frankenweenie were also
included. Both DVDs were non-anamorphic widescreen releases. This film was
released on UMD for PlayStation Portable on October 25, 2005.
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Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the
film on DVD again (this time with an anamorphic transfer) and on Blu-ray Disc
(for the first time) on August 26, 2008, as a two-disc digitally remastered
"collector's edition", but still containing the same special
features.
Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released The Nightmare
Before Christmas on Blu-ray 3D on August 30, 2011. The release included a
Blu-ray 3D disc, Blu-ray disc and a DVD that includes both a DVD and digital
copy of the film.
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In 2018, Disney issued a singalong version of the
film, accompanied by the theatrical cut and a Movies Anywhere copy, as a
single-disc version for the film's 25th anniversary. The singalong version
was also released on Disney+ on September 30, 2022.
In celebration of 30th anniversary, a 4K Blu-ray
version, including extra content, was released on August 22, 2023.
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Marketing
Disney has extensively marketed the film and its
characters across many forms of media and memorabilia, including action figures,
books, games, art crafts, and fashion products. Jack Skellington, Sally, Pajama
Jack, and the Mayor have been made into bendable figures, while Jack and
Sally even appear in fine art. Sally has been made into an action figure
and a Halloween costume.
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Various Disneyland and the branching theme parks host
attractions featuring Nightmare characters, particularly during Halloween and
Christmas seasons. Since 2001, Disneyland has given its Haunted Mansion Holiday
attraction a Nightmare Before Christmas theme for the holiday season. It
features characters, decorations and music from the film, in addition to
Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party and Mickey's Halloween Party featuring
the film's characters. Additionally, Jack hosts the Halloween Screams,
HalloWishes, and Not So Spooky Spectacular! fireworks shows at Magic Kingdom
(where the host is Ghost Host) and Disneyland (where the host is Jack himself),
as well as the Frightfully Fun Parade.
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Reception
Box office
Around the release of the film, Hoberman was quoted,
"I hope Nightmare goes out and makes a fortune. If it does, great. If it
doesn't, that doesn't negate the validity of the process. The budget was less
than any Disney blockbuster so it doesn't have to earn Aladdin-sized grosses to
satisfy us." The film earned $50 million in the United States in its
initial theatrical run and was regarded as a moderate "sleeper
hit".
The Nightmare Before Christmas made an additional
$11.1 million in box office gross in its 2006 reissue. The 2007, 2008,
2009, and 2020 reissues earned $15.8 million, $2.5 million, and $2.3 million
respectively, increasing the film's total box office gross to $91.5
million.
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Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 95% based
on 100 reviews, with an average rating of 8.27/10. The site's critics consensus
reads, "The Nightmare Before Christmas is a stunningly original and
visually delightful work of stop-motion animation." On Metacritic, the
film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 30 critics,
indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore
gave the film an average grade "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
Roger Ebert gave a highly positive review for
Nightmare. Ebert believed the film's visual effects were as revolutionary as
Star Wars, taking into account that Nightmare was "filled with imagination
that carries us into a new world".
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Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called it a restoration
of "originality and daring to the Halloween genre. This dazzling mix of
fun and fright also explodes the notion that animation is kid stuff. … It's 74
minutes of timeless movie magic." James Berardinelli stated "The
Nightmare Before Christmas has something to offer just about everyone. For the
kids, it's a fantasy celebrating two holidays. For the adults, it's an
opportunity to experience some light entertainment while marveling at how adept
Hollywood has become at these techniques. There are songs, laughs, and a little
romance. In short, The Nightmare Before Christmas does what it intends to:
entertain." Desson Thomson of The Washington Post enjoyed the film's
similarities to the writings of Oscar Wilde and the Brothers Grimm, as well as
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and other German Expressionist films.
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Michael A. Morrison discusses the influence of Dr.
Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! on the film, writing that Jack parallels
the Grinch and Zero parallels Max, the Grinch's dog. Philip Nel writes that
the film "challenges the wisdom of adults through its trickster
characters", contrasting Jack as a "good trickster" with Oogie
Boogie, whom he also compares with Seuss' Dr. Terwilliker as a bad
trickster. Entertainment Weekly reports that fan reception of these characters
borders on obsession, profiling Laurie and Myk Rudnick, a couple whose
"degree of obsession with [the] film is so great that … they named their
son after the real-life person that a character in the film is based
on." This enthusiasm for the characters has also been profiled as
having spread beyond North America to Japan. Yvonne Tasker notes "the
complex characterization seen in The Nightmare Before Christmas".
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Danny Elfman was worried the characterization of Oogie
Boogie would be considered racist by the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Screenwriter Caroline Thompson
raised similar concerns about the character, only to be told by Burton that she
was "being oversensitve". Elfman's predictions came true; however,
director Henry Selick stated the character was inspired by the Betty Boop
cartoon The Old Man of the Mountain. "Cab Calloway would dance his
inimitable jazz dance and sing 'Minnie the Moocher' or 'Old Man of the
Mountain', and they would rotoscope him, trace him, turn him into a cartoon
character, often transforming him into an animal, like a walrus," Selick
continued. "I think those are some of the most inventive moments in
cartoon history, in no way racist, even though he was sometimes a villain. We
went with Ken Page, who is a black singer, and he had no problem with
it".
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Accolades
The film was nominated for both the Academy Award for
Best Visual Effects and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.
Nightmare won the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film, while Elfman won Best
Music. Selick and the animators were also nominated for their work. Elfman was
nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. Most recently,
the film ranked #1 on Rotten Tomatoes' "Top 25 Best Christmas Movies"
list.
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Possible sequel
In 2002, Disney began to consider producing a sequel,
but rather than using stop motion, Disney wanted to use computer animation. Burton convinced Disney to drop the idea. "I was always very protective of
[The Nightmare Before Christmas], not to do sequels or things of that
kind," Burton explained. "You know, Jack visits Thanksgiving world or
other kinds of things just because I felt the movie had a purity to it and the
people that like it, because it's a mass-market kind of thing, it was important
to kind of keep that purity of it." The 2004 video game The Nightmare
Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge did serve as a sequel of the film, with
Capcom's crew of developers going after Burton for advice and having the
collaboration of the film's art director, Deane Taylor. In 2009, Selick
said he would do a film sequel if he and Burton could create a good story for
it.
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In February 2019, it was reported that a new Nightmare
Before Christmas film was in the works with Disney considering either a stop-motion
sequel or live-action remake. In October 2019, Chris Sarandon expressed
interest on reprising his role as Jack Skellington if a sequel film ever
materializes.
On February 22, 2021, it was announced by Disney
Publishing that a sequel was given to the 1993 film in the form of a young
adult novel, released as Long Live the Pumpkin Queen. It was written by Shea
Ernshaw and features Sally as the main character, told through her
point-of-view, with events taking place after the film. The book was
released on August 2, 2022.
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Related media
Toys and games
A collectible card game based on the film called The
Nightmare Before Christmas TCG was released in 2005 by NECA. The game was
designed by Quixotic Games founder Andrew Parks and Zev Shlasinger. It
consists of a Premiere set and 4 Starter Decks based on four characters, Jack
Skellington, the Mayor, Oogie Boogie, and Doctor Finkelstein. Each Starter Deck
contains a rule book, a Pumpkin King card, a Pumpkin Points card, and a 48-card
deck. The game has four card types: Characters, Locales, Creations, and
Surprises. The Cards' rarities are separated into four categories: Common,
Uncommon, Rare, Ultra Rare.
Quixotic Games also developed The Nightmare Before
Christmas Party Game that was released in 2007 by NECA.
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A collector's edition The Nightmare Before
Christmas-themed Jenga game was issued with orange, purple and black blocks
with Jack Skellington heads on them. The set comes in a coffin-shaped box
instead of the normal rectangular box.
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Christmas-themed Munchkin was developed by USAopoly featuring the citizens of
Halloween Town such as Jack Skellington, Oogie Boogie, Doctor Finkelstein, and
Lock, Shock and Barrel. The game comes with a custom die similar to the ones
used by Oogie Boogie in the film.
On September 15, 2020, a The Nightmare Before
Christmas-themed tarot card deck and guidebook was released and the
illustration was done by Abigail Larson.
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Books, comics, and manga
In 1993, a pop-up book based on the film was released
on October 1. Another pop-up book calendar titled Nightmare Before
Christmas Pop-Up Book and Advent Calendar was released September 29,
2020. Jack is the titular character in the short story "Tim
Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas: Jack's Story". Disney Press
released a Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas Party Cookbook: Recipes
and Crafts for the Perfect Spooky Party on August 21, 2017. A behind-the-scenes
art book titled Tim Burton's Nightmare Before Christmas: The Film, the Art, the
Vision was released on October 14, 1993, and a Disney Editions Deluxe edition
was published July 28, 2009.
In 2006, a picture book containing the poem Tim Burton
wrote that originated the film was released on August 15. In celebration of
the film's 20th anniversary, the poem was re-released with a hardcover edition
in 2013. On July 20, 2009, an illustrated book covering a rendition of
"The Twelve Days of Christmas" song titled Nightmare Before
Christmas: The 13 Days of Christmas was published. In celebration of the film's
25th anniversary, a book and CD, featuring narration and sound effects, was
released on July 3, 2018.
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In honor of the film's 25th anniversary, a Cinestory
Comic made by Disney and published by Joe Books LTD was released on September
26, 2017.[93] A graphic novel retelling of the film by Joe Books LTD was
released on July 31, 2018, and digital and hardcover versions were released
August 25, 2020.[94][95] On November 26, 2020, a novel retelling of the film
version was released as part of the Disney Animated Classics series.[96] In
2021, another version of Nightmare Before Christmas 13 Days of Christmas came
out on July 6 and was soon followed by Little Golden Books's release of their
adaptation of Nightmare Before Christmas on July 13, 2021.[97][98]
In 2017, Tokyopop secured exclusive licensing for two
manga adaptions for Nightmare Before Christmas, with the first manga being an
adaptation of the film's plot line, with art by Jun Asuka, released October
17. The second manga, a fully-colored series illustrated by Kei
Ishiyama and titled Zero's Journey, chronicles the adventures of Jack's dog,
Zero, in his experiences beginning in Christmas Town after accidentally getting
separated from Jack, who tries to find him, and acts as a sequel to the film,
with Tim Burton's story approval. The 20 issues were first published
monthly, starting on October 2, and then collected into four full-color graphic
novels, with a black-and-white collector's edition manga edition as
well. Starting on July 21, 2021, Tokyopop released another sequel
manga centered around Sally, titled The Nightmare Before Christmas: Mirror
Moon, written by Mallory Reaves and fully-colored series illustrated by
Gabriella Chianello, and Nataliya Torretta. The first two issues will be
collected into a graphic novel that is slated to be released on October
26.
A novelization of the film written by Daphne Skinner
was published on January 1, 1994.In 2021, a young adult novel written by
Shea Ernshaw with Sally as the protagonist, with the premised described as
"...takes place shortly after the movie ends. It's the yet-to-be-told love
story of Sally and Jack. But it's also a coming-of-age story for Sally, as we
see her navigate her new royal title as the Pumpkin Queen of Halloween
Town". The novel introduced new characters and explored Sally's past, as
well as exploring other holiday worlds as Sally and Jack tackle a mysterious
villain Sally has accidentally unleashed. On her Instagram, Shea
Ernshaw revealed the novel's title, Long Live the Pumpkin Queen; it was
released on August 2, 2022.
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On November 1, 2022, Tokyopop announced a full-colored
graphic novel series titled Disney Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas:
The Battle for Pumpkin King, which centers around the friendship and rivalry
between a young Jack Skellington and Oogie Boogie. The graphic novel will
consist of five issues, starting with the first release in May 2023, and the
full graphic novel edition will be available for September 2023.
A novelization for The Nightmare Before Christmas,
written by Megan Shepherd was released on July 4, 2023, to celebrate the 30th
anniversary. On August 22, 2023, Epic Ink published a cultural book titled
"Disney Tim Burton’s The Nightmare Before Christmas Beyond Halloween Town:
The Story, the Characters, and the Legacy'" by writer Emily Zemler.
On July 19, 2023, Disney announced that its partnering
with Dynamite Entertainment to publish new comics based on the film, with the
first project being written by Torunn Grønbekk.
Video games
The Nightmare Before Christmas has inspired video game
spin-offs, including Oogie's Revenge and The Pumpkin King.
The Kingdom Hearts series includes Halloween Town as a
world, appearing in the titles Kingdom Hearts, Chain of Memories, Kingdom
Hearts II, and 358/2 Days, with Christmas Town also as a major area in Kingdom
Hearts II. Jack Skellington appears as a party member of the protagonist, Sora,
while other important characters from the film appear as supporting characters
in the world. The games adapt parts of the plot of The Nightmare Before
Christmas.
A Jack Skellington figurine is available for the
Disney Infinity video game, allowing the character to be playable in the game's
"Toy Box Mode". The main characters of the film (except Santa
Claus) appear as playable characters in the video game Disney Magic Kingdoms,
as well as in some attractions based on locations of the film, in new
storylines in which the characters are involved. Jack and
Oogie Boogie are feature as playable units in many Disney-related mobile games,
such as Disney Heroes: Battle Mode, Disney Sorcerer's Arena, and Disney
Mirrorverse.
In 2021, a collaboration between Disney and Fall Guys
released a seasonal challenge themed after The Nightmare Before Christmas,
which was available from December 16 through December 27.
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Concerts
Elfman's The Nightmare Before Christmas live at the
Hollywood Bowl, 2015.
A live concert, produced by Disney Concerts, was held
at the Hollywood Bowl in October 2015 and was followed by subsequent
performances in 2016 and 2018. The shows featured Elfman, O'Hara, and Page
reprising their roles from the film. In December 2019, this show came to
Europe, with dates in Edinburgh, Glasgow, London and Dublin.
A one-night-only virtual benefit concert presentation
of the film, presented by The Actors Fund and produced by James Monroe Iglehart
with the cooperation of Burton, Elfman, Disney and Actors' Equity Association,
streamed on October 31, 2020. 100% of the proceeds will benefit the Lymphoma
Research Foundation, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on
the performing arts. The cast included Iglehart as Oogie Boogie, along with
Rafael Casal as Jack Skellington, Adrienne Warren as Sally, Danny Burstein as
Santa Claus and the Narrator, Nik Walker as Lock, Lesli Margherita as Shock and
Rob McClure as Barrel. Rounding out the cast were Kathryn Allison, Jenni
Barber, Erin Elizabeth Clemons, Fergie L. Phillipe, Jawan M. Jackson and Brian
Gonzalez.
In October 2021, Disney hosted a live-to-film concert
of Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas for two nights at LA's Banc of
California Stadium on October 29 and 31. The show featured Billie Eilish
singing as Sally and Danny Elfman reprising his role as Jack. Ken Page reprised
the role of Oogie Boogie, while "Weird Al" Yankovic sang as Lock. The
concert included a full orchestra led by acclaimed conductor John Mauceri to
perform the film's score and songs live.
In October 2021, Disney announced that they were
hosting another live-to-film concert at the OVO Arena Wembley in London on
December 9 and 10, 2022. The show featured Elfman and Page reprising respective
their roles, while John Mauceri returned as conductor alongside the BBC Concert
Orchestra. Acclaimed singer and songwriter Phoebe Bridgers took on the role of
Sally.
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Other media
Disney Interactive Studios released an As Told by
Emoji animated adaptation of The Nightmare Before Christmas in 2016, which can
be found on their official YouTube channel.[134] In 2019, a behind-the-scenes
podcast series about The Nightmare Before Christmas was made, featuring the
animators, producers and other crew discussing the making of the movie,
totaling 38 episodes.
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